Self-Serve tier

apply bmw v. gore three-guidepost analysis and state farm v. campbell single-digit-ratio guidance to punitive damages in products liability. includes due-process review, state caps, and bifurcation strategy.

apply restatement (third) of torts products liability (1998) §§1-2 — three categories of defect (manufacturing, design, warning), reasonable alternative design (rad) requirement for design defect, and risk-utility framework.

distinguish statute of limitations from statute of repose in products liability. identify the trigger, accrual rule, and tolling for each, and avoid the irrevocable-bar trap of repose.

build a §402a strict products liability theory under restatement (second) of torts §402a — defective condition unreasonably dangerous, in business of selling, reaches user without substantial change, causation, damages.